GRAMMAR LIBRARY · CHAPTER 60 OF 60 · B2 · LIÇÃO 40

O mapa completo dos tempos verbais

Brazilian Portuguese grammar, chapter 60 of 60 · taught in Lição 40 · level B2. Every tense you own, what each one is for, and how to keep going.

What this is about

This is the page to print. Everything you have built across forty lessons, on one screen. Learners memorise forms; speakers memorise jobs. Mid-sentence, the question is never "what is the imperfeito?" — it is "am I describing the scenery or reporting the event?". The table below answers that question in one line per tense. Read the middle column first.

The complete tense map — form · what it is FOR · example

formwhat it is FORexample
presente
eu falo
now, always, and habits that are still trueEu falo português todo dia.
pretérito perfeito
eu falei
ONE finished event — the thing that happenedEu falei com ela ontem.
imperfeito
eu falava
the scenery: habits, weather, age, what was going onQuando eu era criança, falava só inglês.
futuro com vou
eu vou falar
the real, spoken future — use this 95% of the timeEu vou falar com ele amanhã.
futuro simples
eu falarei
written, formal, solemn promises and newsO presidente falará à nação hoje.
condicional
eu falaria
the unreal result — and the politeness engineEu gostaria de falar com o gerente.
presente do subjuntivo
que eu fale
after espero que · duvido que · tomara que · é importante queEspero que você fale com ela.
imperfeito do subjuntivo
se eu falasse
se + the world as it is NOTSe eu falasse melhor, eu tentaria.
futuro do subjuntivo
quando eu falar
after quando · se · assim que · enquanto, pointing forwardQuando eu falar com ela, te aviso.
pretérito perfeito composto
tenho falado
repeated recently and still going — never one single actTenho falado muito português ultimamente.
mais-que-perfeito
tinha falado
the earlier past, seen from a later pastQuando ela chegou, eu já tinha falado.
tivesse + teria
se eu tivesse falado
the regret machine: a past that can no longer changeSe eu tivesse falado, teria dado certo.
infinitivo pessoal
para nós falarmos
after para · antes de · sem · até, when the subject changesPara nós falarmos, preciso de dez minutos.

The three questions that pick a tense for you

1 · Is it real? no → subjunctive or conditional; yes → indicative
2 · Where in time?forward after quando/se → falar · closed past → falei · open background → falava
3 · Reporting or describing?reporting → perfeito · describing → imperfeito
Every box in the map above is reachable from those three questions in under a second — and that second gets shorter every month.

The pairs that decide everything

Ontem eu falei com ele. ≠ Naquela época eu falava com ele. the event ≠ the scenery
Falei com ele ontem. ≠ Tenho falado com ele. one dated act ≠ repeated up to now
Quando eu falar com ela… ≠ Para eu falar com ela…future subjunctive ≠ personal infinitive (same shape, different job)
Se eu falasse, ele entenderia. ≠ Se eu tivesse falado, ele teria entendido. still possible ≠ too late
Acho que ele vem. ≠ Não acho que ele venha.certainty → indicative · doubt → subjunctive

The ten native habits — beyond grammar

A gente vai, não "nós vamos". nós survives in writing; the street runs on a gente
Continuar estudando, nunca "continuar a estudar".gerund over infinitive — this alone screams Brazil
Me liga · me manda · te falo depois. the pronoun goes first
Só um minutinho · um favorzinho · um cafezinho.softening and warmth, almost never size
Tá calor hoje, né? né? hands the turn back to your listener
Fui ontem. Cheguei agora. (sem "eu")the ending carries the person
Tá. · Tá bom. · Tá certo.the smallest and most useful word in spoken Brazil
Prezado Senhor ↔ Cara, tá tudo molhado!switching registers on purpose = real fluency
The tenth habit is the hardest: solta a frase — let the error pass. Every out-loud self-correction costs two seconds of rhythm. Brazilians make agreement slips constantly. Accuracy is what you build at your desk; fluency is what you protect at the table.

Exceptions & details

1 · The five slips that are not grammar errors. Nós vamos na praia, tu queres vir? → A gente vai na praia, você quer vir? · continuar a estudar → continuar estudando · Liga-me quando chegares → Me liga quando chegar · Eu falarei com ela amanhã → Eu vou falar com ela · Tenho falado com ele ontem → Falei com ele ontem. Each is correct Portuguese in the wrong country, century or room.
2 · Keep going without a course, five cheap parts: two minutes of shadowing a clip you repeat all week · one news article a day, stealing five verbs · ten written lines a week (writing is where the subjunctive finally becomes automatic) · one new expression a day, by hand, with the sentence you heard it in · one hour a week with a real human. About four hours total, none of it heroic.
3 · Choose media by what they train. Novelas teach register; podcasts teach speed; música teaches rhythm and vowel reduction; YouTube teaches gíria before any dictionary catches up.
4 · Repair yourself in Portuguese, never in English. Então… deixa eu ver… como é que fala? keeps the turn and keeps your brain inside the language — and asking a Brazilian for a word is a compliment to them.
5 · What C1 adds: no new tenses. You own the whole machine. What changes is calibration of register, abstraction, arguments that hold across pages, regional accents, and literature and irony at real speed. If you want a target with a date on it: CELPE-Bras, Brazil's official exam — task-based, no grammar section, graded as a band.

Practise this chapter

12 pool questions plus generated ones — 20 fresh practice questions, reshuffled every visit, inside the grammar library.

Practise O mapa completo dos tempos verbais — 20 questions →

This chapter is taught in Lição 40 of the course (level B2). Rumo is a complete Brazilian Portuguese course, A1 to B2; level A1 is free.

All 60 grammar chapters

Level A1
Ser vs Estar — the two "to be"s
Subject pronouns
Noun gender & articles
Contractions: no, na, do, da
Regular -AR verbs (present)
TER — to have
gostar de + negation
Regular -ER / -IR verbs (present)
The power verbs: querer, poder, fazer, ir
Question words
The future: ir + infinitive
Numbers, time & days
Pretérito perfeito (regular past)
Irregular pasts: fui, tive, fiz…
Possessives: meu, sua, dele…
Adjectives & comparisons
Present continuous: estar + gerund
Daily routine & frequency
Level A2
The imperfeito: era, tinha, morava
Object pronouns: me, te, comigo
Ficar, saber vs conhecer, este/esse/aquele
Estar com, doer & the body
The spoken imperative & vir
Quanto custa, colors & demais
Weather with fazer, chover & achar
Ter que, precisar & dever — the obligation scale
Telling stories — estava + gerund & the two pasts
Gostaria, queria & poderia — the politeness ladder
Que, porque & se — connecting your thoughts
Spoken Brazil — tá, tô, a gente & the sound kit
Level B1
Futuro simples — morarei, farei
Presente do subjuntivo — que eu fale
Condicional — moraria, faria
Imperfeito do subjuntivo — se eu fosse
Tenho trabalhado — the lately-tense
Opinions & glue words — concordo, que, onde
Futuro do subjuntivo — quando eu for
Mais-que-perfeito & reported speech
Voz passiva & the se-pronoun
Advanced connectors — no entanto, caso
Level B2
Third conditional — se eu tivesse sabido
Infinitivo pessoal — para nós fazermos
Level A1
você, tu, o senhor — the three ways to say "you"
Pronunciation & written accents
Making plurals — the full rules
Reflexive verbs — me levanto, se chama
Level A2
Ordinal numbers — primeiro, segundo, terceiro
POR vs PARA — the great preposition duel
tudo vs todo — everything vs every
Adverbs in -mente — rapidamente, felizmente
Level B1
Time with FAZ and HÁ — "for two years", "ago"
Relative pronouns — que, quem, onde, cujo
Level B2
Crase & colocação pronominal — à, me liga
Diminutivos & aumentativos — cafezinho, carrão
Regência verbal — gostar DE, confiar EM
O registro formal — Prezado senhor
Gíria & expressões — tá ligado?
A dissertação — em primeiro lugar
Ironia & subtexto — Sei…
O mapa completo dos tempos verbais